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A
A - Amperes
A Frame - The first frame in the repeating five-frame 3:2 pull-down sequence. In two-field 3:2 pull-down video, it is the only frame that fully contains both fields from a single film frame. B, C, and D frames have their fields split among two video frames. A frames normally occur on timecode numbers ending with 0 or 5 when using non-drop frame timecode.
access file - A text file called qtaccess that contains information about users and groups who are authorized to view media in the directory in which the access file is stored.
Access Point - A hardware device or software used in conjunction with a computer that serves as a communication hub to wireless clients and provides the same infrastructure as a network bridge to a wired LAN.
Access - To get information from something like a disk or an information service.
Activate - To make a nonactive window active by clicking anywhere inside it.
Active Window - The frontmost window on the screen; the window where the next action will take place. The active window's title bar is highlighted.
ADB-Apple Desktop Bus - Input circuitry built into older Apple computers. The ADB port attaches the keyboard, the mouse, and other input devices, such as graphics tablets and bar code readers. ADB has been replaced by USB Universal Serial Bus technology in the current models.
ADC - Apple Display Connector carries digital video, USB, and power.
Addressing - A scheme determined by network protocols for identifying the sending device and receiving device for any given item of information on a network.
Ad-Hoc Network - An independent network that provides usually temporary peer-to-peer connectivity without relying on a complete network infrastructure, which includes one or more access points.
Administrator Computer - A Mac OS X computer onto which you have installed the server applications from the Mac OS X Server Admin CD.
Administrator - When you set up Mac OS X, you set up a user. This user is an administrator. As an administrator you can create other users, including other administrators, install software in the Applications and Library folders, and change your computer's settings.
AFP Apple Filing Protocol - A client/server protocol used by Apple file service on Macintosh-compatible computers to share files and network services. AFP uses TCP/IP and other protocols to communicate between computers on a network.
AGP-Accelerated Graphics Port. AGP is a bus style that allows the graphics card to have a dedicated bus directly to the system memory. Older PCI video cards that shared data bandwidth with all installed PCI cards as well as internal I/O controllers such as IDE, SCSI, and the like. AGP allows the graphics card to be taken off that PCI bus and put onto it's own dedicated 133 MHz data bus. AGP also introduced a new slot type allowing AGP cards to transfer data faster.
AIFF Audio File - A digital audio file that can be used by iMovie and many other applications. AIFF stands for Audio Interchange File Format.
AIM - ATA Interface Module.
AirPort-Ready - A Macintosh computer with AirPort antennae installed and a slot that accepts an AirPort Card.
AirPort - Name for Apple's wireless networking technology products. Apple AirPort wireless technology uses the industry standard 802.11 and is compatible with all WiFi-certified wireless networking equipment. AirPort-equipped Macs can connect to the same wireless networks as Windows PCs in thousands of hotel rooms, coffee shops, dorm rooms, and airports. Also, a single Mac with an AirPort card can serve as a wireless access point for up to 50 PCs.
ALE - file Acronym for Avid Log Exchange. A file format that allows film databases to be shared between different systems. See also telecine log.
AltiVec or Velocity Engine - The Velocity Engine can process data in 128-bit chunks, instead of the smaller 32-bit or 64-bit chunks used in traditional processors it's the 128-bit vector processing technology used in scientific supercomputers--except that Apple has added 162 new instructions to speed up computations. In addition, it can perform four in some cases eight 32-bit floating-point calculations in a single cycle--2-4 times faster than traditional processors.
Announced Broadcast - A method such as Automated Unicast (Announce)enabling a broadcaster to negotiate with a server to accept a broadcast.
Analog Signal - A signal that varies continuously over time rather than being sent and received in discrete intervals. Digital signal-is a signal that is sent and received in discrete intervals.
ANSI - American National Standards Institute.
API - application programming interface.
Apple (K) menu - Menu at the upper-left corner of the screen, used to open System Preferences, set Dock preferences, select a network location, open recent documents and applications, shut down and restart your computer, and log out. Apple System Profiler Application that displays the specifications, such as processor speed, hard disk capacity, and memory size, for your Mac. To open Apple System Profiler, choose About This Mac from the Apple (K) menu, then click More Info. Application menu In each application, the menu item to the right of the Apple (K) menu, named after the application. The application menu is used to access the application's preference settings and to quit the application.
Apple Desktop Bus - A port for connecting the keyboard, the Apple Desktop Bus mouse, and other Apple Desktop Bus devices to the Apple IIgs. It's called a bus because several devices can ride the same cable.
AppleScript - A scripting language with English-like syntax, used to write script files that can control your computer. AppleScript is part of the Mac operating system and is included on every Macintosh.
AppleShare File Server - A Mac OS-based computer running file server software that allows users to store and share documents, folders, and applications over an AppleTalk or TCP/IP network.
AppleShare Print Server - A Macintosh computer running software that stores documents sent to it over an AppleTalk network and manages the printing of documents on a printer.
Applesoft BASIC - The Apple II dialect of the BASIC programming language; it's built into your Apple IIgs. BASIC-Acronym for Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code. The most popular language for personal computers; a version of it is built into your Apple IIgs.
AppleTalk - A comprehensive network system developed by Apple that runs on a variety of cable systems and protocols. It facilitates communication between network devices, such as computers, file servers, and printers, which may be a mixture of Apple and non-Apple products. Several elements make up an AppleTalk network system-AppleTalk software and AppleTalk hardware; the latter includes computing components and connectivity components. AppleTalk's design allows the inclusion of a variety of data-link and cabling methods in a network system. Data-link and cabling methods widely used include LocalTalk, EtherTalk using standard Ethernet media, and TokenTalk using token ring media.
Application - Software designed for a particular purpose, such as home finance, education, or word processing.
Application Environment - Consists of the frameworks, libraries, and services along with associated APIs necessary for the runtime execution of programs developed with those APIs. The application environments have dependencies on all underlying layers of system software. Mac OS X currently has five application environments-Classic, Carbon, Cocoa, Java, and BSD Commands.
Application Programming Interface API - A set of routines used by an application to direct the performance of procedures by the computer's operating system.
Application Technology - Used to refer to any of the components used to create or support applications. For example, Java is an application technology (a language, in this instance) that is used to create and support Java applications.
Aqua - The Mac OS X user interface, characterized by translucent windows and glowing controls.
Arrow Keys - The keys in the lower-right corner of the Apple IIgs keyboard that you can press in most applications to move the cursor insertion point in the direction indicated.
Art Application - An application for drawing.
ASCII - Acronym for American Standard Code for Information Interchange; pronounced ASK-ee. A communications code that defines the representation of letters, numbers, and punctuation marks.
ASIC-Application - specific integrated circuit.
Aspect Ratio-The ratio of an image's width to its height expressed either as two numbers width:height or as a value equal to the height divided by the width. Standard video uses 4:3 0.75 while 24P video uses 16:9 0.56. Film aspect ratios depend on the format and lenses used.
Assembly Language - A programming language very close to the language of electrical impulses that is the Apple IIgs's native tongue. Because assembly-language programs require very little translation, they can be very fast.
Asynchronous & Synchronous modes - Two connected modems can communicate in either asynchronous or synchronous mode. In asynchronous mode, both modems can send data at the same time and pause at any time. To ensure that data is not lost, extra bits -called start and stop bits - are used to frame each character sent. In synchronous mode, only one modem can send data at a time. The modem sends a continuous stream and does not stop until it is finished; the other modem cannot send until the first modem is finished. No extra bits are used to frame characters.
ATA - AT attachment.
Attribute - In Entity-Relationship modeling, an identifiable characteristic of an entity. For example, lastName can be an attribute of an Employee entity. An attribute typically corresponds to a column in a database table. A column-In a relational database, is the dimension of a table that holds values for a particular attribute. For example, a table that contains employee records might have a column titled LAST_NAME that contains the values for each employee's last name.
Audio Viewer - In iMovie, the tab with the musical note at the bottom of the screen that displays audio clips in three tracks and volume adjustment controls.
Authentication Authority Attribute - A value that identifies the password validation scheme specified for a user and provides additional information as required.
Automatic Unicast (Announce) - A method of delivering a broadcast to a streaming server in which an SDP file is automatically copied and kept current on the server. A broadcast user name and password must be created before starting such a broadcast.
Auto-Repeat - To happen again and again. The keys on the keyboard are auto-repeat keys-if you hold one down, the computer will keep generating that character automatically.
AVI (Audio Visual Interleave) - A Windows video file format.
B
Background Printing - A software application that runs on a computer as a background process, allowing the user to work on other tasks while a document is being printed. A print server-is a combination of hardware and software that stores documents sent to it over a network and manages the printing of the documents on a printer. A print server completely frees a computer of a printing task so that the computer is free to be used for other work.
Background - An aspect of multitasking capability. A program can run and perform tasks in the background while another program is being used in the foreground.
Backspace - To move the cursor to the left.
Backup Copy - A duplicate of a disk. Making a backup copy of a disk is like making a photocopy of a paper document.
Bandwidth - The capacity of a network connection, measured in bits or bytes per second, for carrying data.
Base Station - The physical wireless newtork access point to the Internet.
BASIC - Acronym for Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code. The most popular language for personal computers; a version of it is built into your Apple IIgs.
Baud - Baud is an older measurement for data transmission speed. One baud is one change of electronic state per second. A more accurate (and therefore more widely used) term is bps (bits per second).
Berkeley Software Distribution BSD - Formerly known as the Berkeley version of UNIX, BSD is now simply called the BSD operating system. The BSD portion of Mac OS X is based on 4.4BSD Lite 2 and FreeBSD, a flavor of 4.4BSD.
Binary Numbering System - A system in which every number is expressed as a combination of zeros and ones. It's perfectly suited to computers because the computer's microprocessor is made up of switches like light switches that can be either on or off. On is represented as the number 1; off as 0.
BIND Berkeley Internet Name Domain - The program included with Mac OS X Server that implements DNS. The program is also called the name daemon, or named, when the program is running.
BIOS - basic input/output system.
Bit Rate - The speed at which bits are transmitted on a network, usually expressed in bits per second.
Bit - Contraction of the words binary and digit. The smallest item of useful information a computer can handle. Usually represented as a 1 or a 0. Eight bits equal one byte.
Bitmap - A pixel-by-pixel representation of an object.
Blower - A blower is a server-specific fan that pulls air through the server's case, keeping the system cool. A fan, on the other hand, typically blows air into a case to keep it circulating. When referring to a fan in a server, use the term blower.
Boot ROM - Low-level instructions used by a computer in the first stages of starting up.
Boot - To start up a computer.
Bps - Bits per second. A measurement of the speed at which data travels from one place to another; sometimes expressed as Kbps (thousands of bits per second) or Mbps (millions of bits per second).
Bridge - A device that connects two networks of the same type together such as two Ethernet networks. The connected networks form a single large network. A router-is a device that connects networks together, isolating traffic within each network. The networks can be of the same type for example, two Ethernet networks or of different types for example, Token Ring and Ethernet. A router receives data transmitted from other networks and retransmits it to its proper destination over the most efficient route.
Broadcast User - A user who has permission to broadcast to the streaming server. The broadcast user name and password are set in the General Settings pane of Streaming Server Admin and are used in conjunction with announced broadcasts. It is not necessary to create a broadcast user for UDP broadcasts.
Broadcast - Transmitting one copy of a stream over the whole network.
Browser Plug-In - Software that you attach to a browser to enable it to display specific data formats.
Buffer - An area of memory where information is kept until the computer or a peripheral device is ready to deal with it. Sort of an overflow tank for the microprocessor.
Bug - An error in an application or a problem with hardware. The expression comes from the early days of computing when a moth flew into a room-size computer and caused a breakdown.
Bulletin Board System-Abbreviated BBS. A computerized version of the bulletin boards frequently found in grocery stores places to leave messages and to advertise things you want to buy or sell. One thing you get from a computerized bulletin board that you can't get from a cork board is free software.
Bus - A network layout that uses a single cable to connect all the devices in a sequential line. Messages are broadcast along the whole bus, and each network device listens for and receives messages directed to its unique address.
Button - The raised area on top of the mouse. You press it when you want to choose from a menu or perform other activities in mouse-based applications. Also, in mouse-based applications, a rectangle with rounded corners and a word inside that you click to designate, confirm, or cancel an action.
Byte - A sequence of eight bits that represents an instruction, a letter, a number, or a punctuation mark.
B
Background Printing - A software application that runs on a computer as a background process, allowing the user to work on other tasks while a document is being printed. A print server-is a combination of hardware and software that stores documents sent to it over a network and manages the printing of the documents on a printer. A print server completely frees a computer of a printing task so that the computer is free to be used for other work.
Background - An aspect of multitasking capability. A program can run and perform tasks in the background while another program is being used in the foreground.
Backspace - To move the cursor to the left.
Backup Copy - A duplicate of a disk. Making a backup copy of a disk is like making a photocopy of a paper document.
Bandwidth - The capacity of a network connection, measured in bits or bytes per second, for carrying data.
Base Station - The physical wireless newtork access point to the Internet.
BASIC - Acronym for Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code. The most popular language for personal computers; a version of it is built into your Apple IIgs.
Baud - Baud is an older measurement for data transmission speed. One baud is one change of electronic state per second. A more accurate (and therefore more widely used) term is bps (bits per second).
Berkeley Software Distribution BSD - Formerly known as the Berkeley version of UNIX, BSD is now simply called the BSD operating system. The BSD portion of Mac OS X is based on 4.4BSD Lite 2 and FreeBSD, a flavor of 4.4BSD.
Binary Numbering System - A system in which every number is expressed as a combination of zeros and ones. It's perfectly suited to computers because the computer's microprocessor is made up of switches like light switches that can be either on or off. On is represented as the number 1; off as 0.
BIND Berkeley Internet Name Domain - The program included with Mac OS X Server that implements DNS. The program is also called the name daemon, or named, when the program is running.
BIOS - basic input/output system.
Bit Rate - The speed at which bits are transmitted on a network, usually expressed in bits per second.
Bit - Contraction of the words binary and digit. The smallest item of useful information a computer can handle. Usually represented as a 1 or a 0. Eight bits equal one byte.
Bitmap - A pixel-by-pixel representation of an object.
Blower - A blower is a server-specific fan that pulls air through the server's case, keeping the system cool. A fan, on the other hand, typically blows air into a case to keep it circulating. When referring to a fan in a server, use the term blower.
Boot ROM - Low-level instructions used by a computer in the first stages of starting up.
Boot - To start up a computer.
Bps - Bits per second. A measurement of the speed at which data travels from one place to another; sometimes expressed as Kbps (thousands of bits per second) or Mbps (millions of bits per second).
Bridge - A device that connects two networks of the same type together such as two Ethernet networks. The connected networks form a single large network. A router-is a device that connects networks together, isolating traffic within each network. The networks can be of the same type for example, two Ethernet networks or of different types for example, Token Ring and Ethernet. A router receives data transmitted from other networks and retransmits it to its proper destination over the most efficient route.
Broadcast User - A user who has permission to broadcast to the streaming server. The broadcast user name and password are set in the General Settings pane of Streaming Server Admin and are used in conjunction with announced broadcasts. It is not necessary to create a broadcast user for UDP broadcasts.
Broadcast - Transmitting one copy of a stream over the whole network.
Browser Plug-In - Software that you attach to a browser to enable it to display specific data formats.
Buffer - An area of memory where information is kept until the computer or a peripheral device is ready to deal with it. Sort of an overflow tank for the microprocessor.
Bug - An error in an application or a problem with hardware. The expression comes from the early days of computing when a moth flew into a room-size computer and caused a breakdown.
Bulletin Board System-Abbreviated BBS. A computerized version of the bulletin boards frequently found in grocery stores places to leave messages and to advertise things you want to buy or sell. One thing you get from a computerized bulletin board that you can't get from a cork board is free software.
Bus - A network layout that uses a single cable to connect all the devices in a sequential line. Messages are broadcast along the whole bus, and each network device listens for and receives messages directed to its unique address.
Button - The raised area on top of the mouse. You press it when you want to choose from a menu or perform other activities in mouse-based applications. Also, in mouse-based applications, a rectangle with rounded corners and a word inside that you click to designate, confirm, or cancel an action.
Byte - A sequence of eight bits that represents an instruction, a letter, a number, or a punctuation mark.
A
A - Amperes
A Frame - The first frame in the repeating five-frame 3:2 pull-down sequence. In two-field 3:2 pull-down video, it is the only frame that fully contains both fields from a single film frame. B, C, and D frames have their fields split among two video frames. A frames normally occur on timecode numbers ending with 0 or 5 when using non-drop frame timecode.
access file - A text file called qtaccess that contains information about users and groups who are authorized to view media in the directory in which the access file is stored.
Access Point - A hardware device or software used in conjunction with a computer that serves as a communication hub to wireless clients and provides the same infrastructure as a network bridge to a wired LAN.
Access - To get information from something like a disk or an information service.
Activate - To make a nonactive window active by clicking anywhere inside it.
Active Window - The frontmost window on the screen; the window where the next action will take place. The active window's title bar is highlighted.
ADB-Apple Desktop Bus - Input circuitry built into older Apple computers. The ADB port attaches the keyboard, the mouse, and other input devices, such as graphics tablets and bar code readers. ADB has been replaced by USB Universal Serial Bus technology in the current models.
ADC - Apple Display Connector carries digital video, USB, and power.
Addressing - A scheme determined by network protocols for identifying the sending device and receiving device for any given item of information on a network.
Ad-Hoc Network - An independent network that provides usually temporary peer-to-peer connectivity without relying on a complete network infrastructure, which includes one or more access points.
Administrator Computer - A Mac OS X computer onto which you have installed the server applications from the Mac OS X Server Admin CD.
Administrator - When you set up Mac OS X, you set up a user. This user is an administrator. As an administrator you can create other users, including other administrators, install software in the Applications and Library folders, and change your computer's settings.
AFP Apple Filing Protocol - A client/server protocol used by Apple file service on Macintosh-compatible computers to share files and network services. AFP uses TCP/IP and other protocols to communicate between computers on a network.
AGP-Accelerated Graphics Port. AGP is a bus style that allows the graphics card to have a dedicated bus directly to the system memory. Older PCI video cards that shared data bandwidth with all installed PCI cards as well as internal I/O controllers such as IDE, SCSI, and the like. AGP allows the graphics card to be taken off that PCI bus and put onto it's own dedicated 133 MHz data bus. AGP also introduced a new slot type allowing AGP cards to transfer data faster.
AIFF Audio File - A digital audio file that can be used by iMovie and many other applications. AIFF stands for Audio Interchange File Format.
AIM - ATA Interface Module.
AirPort-Ready - A Macintosh computer with AirPort antennae installed and a slot that accepts an AirPort Card.
AirPort - Name for Apple's wireless networking technology products. Apple AirPort wireless technology uses the industry standard 802.11 and is compatible with all WiFi-certified wireless networking equipment. AirPort-equipped Macs can connect to the same wireless networks as Windows PCs in thousands of hotel rooms, coffee shops, dorm rooms, and airports. Also, a single Mac with an AirPort card can serve as a wireless access point for up to 50 PCs.
ALE - file Acronym for Avid Log Exchange. A file format that allows film databases to be shared between different systems. See also telecine log.
AltiVec or Velocity Engine - The Velocity Engine can process data in 128-bit chunks, instead of the smaller 32-bit or 64-bit chunks used in traditional processors it's the 128-bit vector processing technology used in scientific supercomputers--except that Apple has added 162 new instructions to speed up computations. In addition, it can perform four in some cases eight 32-bit floating-point calculations in a single cycle--2-4 times faster than traditional processors.
Announced Broadcast - A method such as Automated Unicast (Announce)enabling a broadcaster to negotiate with a server to accept a broadcast.
Analog Signal - A signal that varies continuously over time rather than being sent and received in discrete intervals. Digital signal-is a signal that is sent and received in discrete intervals.
ANSI - American National Standards Institute.
API - application programming interface.
Apple (K) menu - Menu at the upper-left corner of the screen, used to open System Preferences, set Dock preferences, select a network location, open recent documents and applications, shut down and restart your computer, and log out. Apple System Profiler Application that displays the specifications, such as processor speed, hard disk capacity, and memory size, for your Mac. To open Apple System Profiler, choose About This Mac from the Apple (K) menu, then click More Info. Application menu In each application, the menu item to the right of the Apple (K) menu, named after the application. The application menu is used to access the application's preference settings and to quit the application.
Apple Desktop Bus - A port for connecting the keyboard, the Apple Desktop Bus mouse, and other Apple Desktop Bus devices to the Apple IIgs. It's called a bus because several devices can ride the same cable.
AppleScript - A scripting language with English-like syntax, used to write script files that can control your computer. AppleScript is part of the Mac operating system and is included on every Macintosh.
AppleShare File Server - A Mac OS-based computer running file server software that allows users to store and share documents, folders, and applications over an AppleTalk or TCP/IP network.
AppleShare Print Server - A Macintosh computer running software that stores documents sent to it over an AppleTalk network and manages the printing of documents on a printer.
Applesoft BASIC - The Apple II dialect of the BASIC programming language; it's built into your Apple IIgs. BASIC-Acronym for Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code. The most popular language for personal computers; a version of it is built into your Apple IIgs.
AppleTalk - A comprehensive network system developed by Apple that runs on a variety of cable systems and protocols. It facilitates communication between network devices, such as computers, file servers, and printers, which may be a mixture of Apple and non-Apple products. Several elements make up an AppleTalk network system-AppleTalk software and AppleTalk hardware; the latter includes computing components and connectivity components. AppleTalk's design allows the inclusion of a variety of data-link and cabling methods in a network system. Data-link and cabling methods widely used include LocalTalk, EtherTalk using standard Ethernet media, and TokenTalk using token ring media.
Application - Software designed for a particular purpose, such as home finance, education, or word processing.
Application Environment - Consists of the frameworks, libraries, and services along with associated APIs necessary for the runtime execution of programs developed with those APIs. The application environments have dependencies on all underlying layers of system software. Mac OS X currently has five application environments-Classic, Carbon, Cocoa, Java, and BSD Commands.
Application Programming Interface API - A set of routines used by an application to direct the performance of procedures by the computer's operating system.
Application Technology - Used to refer to any of the components used to create or support applications. For example, Java is an application technology (a language, in this instance) that is used to create and support Java applications.
Aqua - The Mac OS X user interface, characterized by translucent windows and glowing controls.
Arrow Keys - The keys in the lower-right corner of the Apple IIgs keyboard that you can press in most applications to move the cursor insertion point in the direction indicated.
Art Application - An application for drawing.
ASCII - Acronym for American Standard Code for Information Interchange; pronounced ASK-ee. A communications code that defines the representation of letters, numbers, and punctuation marks.
ASIC-Application - specific integrated circuit.
Aspect Ratio-The ratio of an image's width to its height expressed either as two numbers width:height or as a value equal to the height divided by the width. Standard video uses 4:3 0.75 while 24P video uses 16:9 0.56. Film aspect ratios depend on the format and lenses used.
Assembly Language - A programming language very close to the language of electrical impulses that is the Apple IIgs's native tongue. Because assembly-language programs require very little translation, they can be very fast.
Asynchronous & Synchronous modes - Two connected modems can communicate in either asynchronous or synchronous mode. In asynchronous mode, both modems can send data at the same time and pause at any time. To ensure that data is not lost, extra bits -called start and stop bits - are used to frame each character sent. In synchronous mode, only one modem can send data at a time. The modem sends a continuous stream and does not stop until it is finished; the other modem cannot send until the first modem is finished. No extra bits are used to frame characters.
ATA - AT attachment.
Attribute - In Entity-Relationship modeling, an identifiable characteristic of an entity. For example, lastName can be an attribute of an Employee entity. An attribute typically corresponds to a column in a database table. A column-In a relational database, is the dimension of a table that holds values for a particular attribute. For example, a table that contains employee records might have a column titled LAST_NAME that contains the values for each employee's last name.
Audio Viewer - In iMovie, the tab with the musical note at the bottom of the screen that displays audio clips in three tracks and volume adjustment controls.
Authentication Authority Attribute - A value that identifies the password validation scheme specified for a user and provides additional information as required.
Automatic Unicast (Announce) - A method of delivering a broadcast to a streaming server in which an SDP file is automatically copied and kept current on the server. A broadcast user name and password must be created before starting such a broadcast.
Auto-Repeat - To happen again and again. The keys on the keyboard are auto-repeat keys-if you hold one down, the computer will keep generating that character automatically.
AVI (Audio Visual Interleave) - A Windows video file format.
C
Cache Memory - Cache RAM is fast random-access memory that is used to store data for CPU operations. Level 1 cache RAM is part of the CPU itself; level 2 L2 cache RAM is on separate chips. Conventional L2 cache is connected to the system bus, and the speed of its transactions with the CPU is limited by the system bus speed. Level 2 backside cache a feature introduced with G3 computers is located on the same board as the CPU processor board and is connected directly to the CPU through its own high-speed bus. The L2 backside cache allows the system to run significantly faster than conventional L2 cache. As more and more processors begin to include L2 cache into their architectures, Level 3 cache is now the name for the extra cache built into motherboards between the microprocessor and the main memory-what was once L2 cache on motherboards now becomes L3 cache when used with microprocessors containing built-in L2 caches.
Callback - A security precaution in which a user's preauthorized phone number is verified before allowing the user to connect to a network from a remote location.
Calling Tone - A calling tone is a high-pitched, intermittent sound that can be produced by a modem that is originating a data call. Some international telephone agencies require that your modem emit a calling tone so that a person answering your modem's call can immediately identify your modem as a machine and not a human caller.
Canonical Name - The real name of a server when you've given it a nickname or alias. For example, mail.apple.com might have a canonical name of MailSrv473.apple.com.
Caps Lock - A key that you can lock into place so that subsequent letters you type will come out capitalized. Caps Lock doesn't affect nonalphabet keys.
Carbon - The Carbon APIs can be used to write Mac OS X applications that also run on previous versions of the Mac OS 8.1 or later.
Card - A circuit board that you can plug into a slot inside the Apple IIgs to expand the computer's memory or give it the means to communicate with a hard disk, a braille printer, or some other peripheral device.
Carriage Return - Abbreviated CR. A nonprinting character that tells the computer or printer to end a line of text and start a new one. It's used to end paragraphs. Even though you can't see them, you can delete carriage returns the same way you delete other characters.
Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance CSMA/CA - A networking protocol that avoids collisions instead of detecting a collision like the algorithm used in Ethernet networks IEEE 802.3 standards.
Carrier - The carrier is the telephone line signal used to transfer data between two connected modems. The sound you hear through the modem's speaker when it connects is the carrier signal.
Case - The outer covering of the computer.
Catalog - A list of all the files on a disk. Also called a directory. A subdirectory-is a directory within a directory that usually contains related documents; used to organize the information on large-capacity disks.
CD - compact disc.
CD-ROM - Abbreviation for compact disc read-only memory. A compact disc can store large amounts of information.
CD-ROM-Compact Disc - Read Only Memory, often shortened to CD. One of the most popular ways to distribute programs today. These discs can hold over 600 megabytes of data and are easily portable.
CD-RW-Short for CD-ReWritable disk, a type of CD disk that enables you to write onto it in multiple sessions. With CD-RW drives and disks, you can treat the optical disk just like a floppy or hard disk, writing data onto it multiple times. Macintosh computers have slot-loading or tray-loading drives.
Cell - The intersection of a row and a column in a spreadsheet. A cell can hold a number, label, function, or formula.
Centralized File Service - File service that is provided by a central server accessed by network users. Distributed file sharing-is a type of file service in which users can share the content of their hard disks with other users on the network.
CFM - Stands for Cubic Feet per Minute. This is how a blower or fan is rated-by the amount of air it can move, measured in CFM.
CGI Common Gateway Interface - A script or program that adds dynamic functions to a Web site. A CGI sends information back and forth between a Web site and an application that provides a service for the site. For example, if a user fills out a form on the site, a CGI could send the message to an application that processes the data and sends a response back to the user.
Character Set - The letters, numbers, and symbols that can be generated by pressing keys on a keyboard.
Character - A letter, number, or other symbol.
Child - A computer that gets configuration information from the shared directory domain of a parent.
Chip - A small silicon wafer containing thousands of microscopic components.
Choose - To pick a command from a menu. Usually you do this after selecting something for the Apple IIgs to act on.
CHRP - Common Hardware Reference Platform.
Circuit Board - Also called the main circuit board-is a large circuit board that holds RAM, ROM, the microprocessor, custom integrated circuits chips, and other components that make the computer a computer.
Circuitry - A network of wires, chips, resistors, and other electronic devices and connections.
Classic - An application environment that allows users to continue to use their systems for everything they already do. Classic applications don't appear in the new Aqua interface.
Class - In object-oriented languages such as Java, a prototype for a particular kind of object. A class definition declares instance variables and defines methods for all members of the class. Objects that have the same types of instance variables and have access to the same methods belong to the same class.
Clear - A key on the numeric keypad. Pressing Clear works the same as pressing Control-X. Pressing Control-X while writing a BASIC program cancels the line you're typing.
Click - To position the pointer on something, then press and quickly release the mouse button.
Client Computer - A computer on a network that receives network services from a server.
Client - A program that requests services from other programs or computers that are functioning as servers or hosts.
Clip Art Application - Electronic pictures that you can clip from one disk or document into another. You can buy disks of clip art and use these professional-quality drawings to illustrate your documents.
Clip Viewer - In iMovie, the tab with the eye at the bottom of the screen that displays video clips arranged in a movie.
Clipboard - A special part of memory that stores the most recent thing you cut. You can paste the contents of the Clipboard into other parts of your document.
Clock Rate - The rate at which bits move from one internal computer component to another.
Close Box - The small box on the far-left side in the title bar of an active window. Clicking a close box closes the window.
Closed Network - A feature provided by some third-party wireless networking base stations. A closed network does not display the network name in the Control Strip. Instead, a user has to know the specific network name.
Coaxial Cable - An electrical cable consisting of a central wire surrounded by a second tubular wire made of braided mesh, both of which have the same center point, or axis, hence the name coaxial. Separated from the central wire by insulation, the tubular wire shields electronic impulses traveling along the central wire. In turn, the tubular wire is surrounded by insulation.
Cocoa - An object-oriented framework in Mac OS X that provides development tools and services that allow applications to interact with one another and take advantage of a variety of advanced libraries. Cocoa applications look the same as Carbon applications to end users.
Codec - Any technology for compressing and decompressing data. Codecs can be implemented in software, hardware, or a combination of both.
ColorSync - The color management technology integrated into Mac OS X. ColorSync ensures that the color you see is the same from your digital image onscreen to the image on the paper printed by your printer. ColorSync uses industry standard technologies such as ICC profiles and sRGB color spaces.
Column - In a relational database, the dimension of a table that holds values for a particular attribute. For example, a table that contains employee records might have a column titled LAST_NAME that contains the values for each employee's last name. Attribute-In Entity-Relationship modeling, is an identifiable characteristic of an entity. For example, lastName can be an attribute of an Employee entity. An attribute typically corresponds to a column in a database table.
Combo - An optical drive that writes CD-R discs; writes CD-RW discs; reads DVD-ROM discs; and reads CD-ROM discs.
command mode - In command mode, the modem interprets data from the computer as AT commands, instead of transmitting the data to the remote modem. When you first open a telecommunications application, the modem is automatically placed in command mode. When you establish a connection with another modem, your modem switches to on-line mode. Before entering an AT command, you must use the +++ command to return the modem to command mode.
Command - An instruction given to a computer by menu selection or keystroke.
Command key - The Apple Key (K) on the keyboard located next to the Space Bar. Pressed with other keys to perform special actions. Functionality is similar to that of the Control key on a Windows PC.
Communications Software - An application that makes it possible to exchange information with other computers.
Compatibility - The condition under which devices can work with each other.
Component - An object of the WOComponent class that represents a web page or a reusable portion of one.
Composite - A video signal that includes both display information and the synchronization and other signals needed to display it. There are monitor ports on the Apple IIgs for an NTSC composite monitor one that accepts signals that conform to the standards set by the National Television Standards Committee and for an analog RGB monitor.
Compression - The process of reducing the data size of a file.
Computer Account - A list of computers that have the same preference settings and are available to the same users and groups.
Computer - A machine that processes words and numbers faster than a food processor can slice potatoes. Not particularly creative or intuitive, but very good at repetitive tasks.
Configuration - A general-purpose computer term that can refer to the way you have your computer set up that is, the devices you have attached to it or to the way you have your computer set up to send information to a printer, a modem, or some other peripheral device.
Conform Film - To cut and arrange an original camera negative to match edits made in a digital editing system. Also, to assemble video or audio according to an Edit Decision List EDL. See cut list and EDL.
Conform Video - To change the frame rate of a video clip. For example, you can use the Cinema Tools Conform feature to change the frame rate of a PAL 25 fps video clip to film's 24 fps rate. You can also conform a clip to its current frame rate, ensuring there are no frame rate errors within it.
Connect Time - The amount of time you spend accessing an information service.
Console - The Console application lets you see technical messages from the Mac OS X system software and Mac OS X applications. If you are programming or troubleshooting a problem, these messages may be useful.
Contrast Knob - A control on your video display that lets you adjust the contrast between the light and dark on the screen.
Control Panel Program - A program built into the Apple IIgs that lets you set the time of the built-in clock and tailor certain aspects of your computer system to suit your individual preferences like the color of text and background on the screen, the volume of the built-in speaker, and more.
Control - A key on the Apple IIgs keyboard that, when pressed in conjunction with another key, makes the other key behave differently. It controls the operation of other keys.
Controller Card - An interface card that tells your Apple IIgs how to work with one or two disk drives.
Co-Processor - A microprocessor on a card that overrides or works with the microprocessor on the main circuit board.
Copy-Protect - To prevent someone from duplicating the contents of a disk. Write-protect-Means to prevent changes to the contents of a disk by covering the write-enable notch on a 5.25-inch disk or by sliding the small, plastic tab to uncover the square hole on a 3.5-inch disk.
CPU - Central processing unit, a type of microprocessor. In current Power Mac, iMac, PowerBook, and iBook computers, the CPU is a PowerPC G3 or G4 chip. Earlier models contained PowerPC 601, 603, 604, 604e and Motorola 680x0 chips.
Crash, Freeze - A system malfunction of the operating system, application, or hardware device that locks up the computer, which then has to be restarted. A freeze is a system error that causes the cursor to lock in place.
CRM - Communications Resource Manager.
CRT - cathode ray tube, a video display device.
Cursor - Also known as a pointer, usually arrow or cross shaped, which is controlled by the mouse, trackpad, trackball, stylus, or joystick.
Cut and Paste - To move something from one place in a document to another. It's the computer equivalent of using scissors to clip something and glue to paste the clipping somewhere else.
Cut List - A text file that sequentially lists the edits that make up your program. The negative cutter uses the cut list to conform the original camera negative. The cut list is a subset of the film list you can export from Final Cut Pro using Cinema Tools.
Cut - To remove text or pictures from a document by using the Cut command. The most recent clipping is stored on the Clipboard so you can paste it somewhere else if you want.
CVS - Concurrent Versions System, a programming code management system.
C
Cache Memory - Cache RAM is fast random-access memory that is used to store data for CPU operations. Level 1 cache RAM is part of the CPU itself; level 2 L2 cache RAM is on separate chips. Conventional L2 cache is connected to the system bus, and the speed of its transactions with the CPU is limited by the system bus speed. Level 2 backside cache a feature introduced with G3 computers is located on the same board as the CPU processor board and is connected directly to the CPU through its own high-speed bus. The L2 backside cache allows the system to run significantly faster than conventional L2 cache. As more and more processors begin to include L2 cache into their architectures, Level 3 cache is now the name for the extra cache built into motherboards between the microprocessor and the main memory-what was once L2 cache on motherboards now becomes L3 cache when used with microprocessors containing built-in L2 caches.
Callback - A security precaution in which a user's preauthorized phone number is verified before allowing the user to connect to a network from a remote location.
Calling Tone - A calling tone is a high-pitched, intermittent sound that can be produced by a modem that is originating a data call. Some international telephone agencies require that your modem emit a calling tone so that a person answering your modem's call can immediately identify your modem as a machine and not a human caller.
Canonical Name - The real name of a server when you've given it a nickname or alias. For example, mail.apple.com might have a canonical name of MailSrv473.apple.com.
Caps Lock - A key that you can lock into place so that subsequent letters you type will come out capitalized. Caps Lock doesn't affect nonalphabet keys.
Carbon - The Carbon APIs can be used to write Mac OS X applications that also run on previous versions of the Mac OS 8.1 or later.
Card - A circuit board that you can plug into a slot inside the Apple IIgs to expand the computer's memory or give it the means to communicate with a hard disk, a braille printer, or some other peripheral device.
Carriage Return - Abbreviated CR. A nonprinting character that tells the computer or printer to end a line of text and start a new one. It's used to end paragraphs. Even though you can't see them, you can delete carriage returns the same way you delete other characters.
Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance CSMA/CA - A networking protocol that avoids collisions instead of detecting a collision like the algorithm used in Ethernet networks IEEE 802.3 standards.
Carrier - The carrier is the telephone line signal used to transfer data between two connected modems. The sound you hear through the modem's speaker when it connects is the carrier signal.
Case - The outer covering of the computer.
Catalog - A list of all the files on a disk. Also called a directory. A subdirectory-is a directory within a directory that usually contains related documents; used to organize the information on large-capacity disks.
CD - compact disc.
CD-ROM - Abbreviation for compact disc read-only memory. A compact disc can store large amounts of information.
CD-ROM-Compact Disc - Read Only Memory, often shortened to CD. One of the most popular ways to distribute programs today. These discs can hold over 600 megabytes of data and are easily portable.
CD-RW-Short for CD-ReWritable disk, a type of CD disk that enables you to write onto it in multiple sessions. With CD-RW drives and disks, you can treat the optical disk just like a floppy or hard disk, writing data onto it multiple times. Macintosh computers have slot-loading or tray-loading drives.
Cell - The intersection of a row and a column in a spreadsheet. A cell can hold a number, label, function, or formula.
Centralized File Service - File service that is provided by a central server accessed by network users. Distributed file sharing-is a type of file service in which users can share the content of their hard disks with other users on the network.
CFM - Stands for Cubic Feet per Minute. This is how a blower or fan is rated-by the amount of air it can move, measured in CFM.
CGI Common Gateway Interface - A script or program that adds dynamic functions to a Web site. A CGI sends information back and forth between a Web site and an application that provides a service for the site. For example, if a user fills out a form on the site, a CGI could send the message to an application that processes the data and sends a response back to the user.
Character Set - The letters, numbers, and symbols that can be generated by pressing keys on a keyboard.
Character - A letter, number, or other symbol.
Child - A computer that gets configuration information from the shared directory domain of a parent.
Chip - A small silicon wafer containing thousands of microscopic components.
Choose - To pick a command from a menu. Usually you do this after selecting something for the Apple IIgs to act on.
CHRP - Common Hardware Reference Platform.
Circuit Board - Also called the main circuit board-is a large circuit board that holds RAM, ROM, the microprocessor, custom integrated circuits chips, and other components that make the computer a computer.
Circuitry - A network of wires, chips, resistors, and other electronic devices and connections.
Classic - An application environment that allows users to continue to use their systems for everything they already do. Classic applications don't appear in the new Aqua interface.
Class - In object-oriented languages such as Java, a prototype for a particular kind of object. A class definition declares instance variables and defines methods for all members of the class. Objects that have the same types of instance variables and have access to the same methods belong to the same class.
Clear - A key on the numeric keypad. Pressing Clear works the same as pressing Control-X. Pressing Control-X while writing a BASIC program cancels the line you're typing.
Click - To position the pointer on something, then press and quickly release the mouse button.
Client Computer - A computer on a network that receives network services from a server.
Client - A program that requests services from other programs or computers that are functioning as servers or hosts.
Clip Art Application - Electronic pictures that you can clip from one disk or document into another. You can buy disks of clip art and use these professional-quality drawings to illustrate your documents.
Clip Viewer - In iMovie, the tab with the eye at the bottom of the screen that displays video clips arranged in a movie.
Clipboard - A special part of memory that stores the most recent thing you cut. You can paste the contents of the Clipboard into other parts of your document.
Clock Rate - The rate at which bits move from one internal computer component to another.
Close Box - The small box on the far-left side in the title bar of an active window. Clicking a close box closes the window.
Closed Network - A feature provided by some third-party wireless networking base stations. A closed network does not display the network name in the Control Strip. Instead, a user has to know the specific network name.
Coaxial Cable - An electrical cable consisting of a central wire surrounded by a second tubular wire made of braided mesh, both of which have the same center point, or axis, hence the name coaxial. Separated from the central wire by insulation, the tubular wire shields electronic impulses traveling along the central wire. In turn, the tubular wire is surrounded by insulation.
Cocoa - An object-oriented framework in Mac OS X that provides development tools and services that allow applications to interact with one another and take advantage of a variety of advanced libraries. Cocoa applications look the same as Carbon applications to end users.
Codec - Any technology for compressing and decompressing data. Codecs can be implemented in software, hardware, or a combination of both.
ColorSync - The color management technology integrated into Mac OS X. ColorSync ensures that the color you see is the same from your digital image onscreen to the image on the paper printed by your printer. ColorSync uses industry standard technologies such as ICC profiles and sRGB color spaces.
Column - In a relational database, the dimension of a table that holds values for a particular attribute. For example, a table that contains employee records might have a column titled LAST_NAME that contains the values for each employee's last name. Attribute-In Entity-Relationship modeling, is an identifiable characteristic of an entity. For example, lastName can be an attribute of an Employee entity. An attribute typically corresponds to a column in a database table.
Combo - An optical drive that writes CD-R discs; writes CD-RW discs; reads DVD-ROM discs; and reads CD-ROM discs.
command mode - In command mode, the modem interprets data from the computer as AT commands, instead of transmitting the data to the remote modem. When you first open a telecommunications application, the modem is automatically placed in command mode. When you establish a connection with another modem, your modem switches to on-line mode. Before entering an AT command, you must use the +++ command to return the modem to command mode.
Command - An instruction given to a computer by menu selection or keystroke.
Command key - The Apple Key (K) on the keyboard located next to the Space Bar. Pressed with other keys to perform special actions. Functionality is similar to that of the Control key on a Windows PC.
Communications Software - An application that makes it possible to exchange information with other computers.
Compatibility - The condition under which devices can work with each other.
Component - An object of the WOComponent class that represents a web page or a reusable portion of one.
Composite - A video signal that includes both display information and the synchronization and other signals needed to display it. There are monitor ports on the Apple IIgs for an NTSC composite monitor one that accepts signals that conform to the standards set by the National Television Standards Committee and for an analog RGB monitor.
Compression - The process of reducing the data size of a file.
Computer Account - A list of computers that have the same preference settings and are available to the same users and groups.
Computer - A machine that processes words and numbers faster than a food processor can slice potatoes. Not particularly creative or intuitive, but very good at repetitive tasks.
Configuration - A general-purpose computer term that can refer to the way you have your computer set up that is, the devices you have attached to it or to the way you have your computer set up to send information to a printer, a modem, or some other peripheral device.
Conform Film - To cut and arrange an original camera negative to match edits made in a digital editing system. Also, to assemble video or audio according to an Edit Decision List EDL. See cut list and EDL.
Conform Video - To change the frame rate of a video clip. For example, you can use the Cinema Tools Conform feature to change the frame rate of a PAL 25 fps video clip to film's 24 fps rate. You can also conform a clip to its current frame rate, ensuring there are no frame rate errors within it.
Connect Time - The amount of time you spend accessing an information service.
Console - The Console application lets you see technical messages from the Mac OS X system software and Mac OS X applications. If you are programming or troubleshooting a problem, these messages may be useful.
Contrast Knob - A control on your video display that lets you adjust the contrast between the light and dark on the screen.
Control Panel Program - A program built into the Apple IIgs that lets you set the time of the built-in clock and tailor certain aspects of your computer system to suit your individual preferences like the color of text and background on the screen, the volume of the built-in speaker, and more.
Control - A key on the Apple IIgs keyboard that, when pressed in conjunction with another key, makes the other key behave differently. It controls the operation of other keys.
Controller Card - An interface card that tells your Apple IIgs how to work with one or two disk drives.
Co-Processor - A microprocessor on a card that overrides or works with the microprocessor on the main circuit board.
Copy-Protect - To prevent someone from duplicating the contents of a disk. Write-protect-Means to prevent changes to the contents of a disk by covering the write-enable notch on a 5.25-inch disk or by sliding the small, plastic tab to uncover the square hole on a 3.5-inch disk.
CPU - Central processing unit, a type of microprocessor. In current Power Mac, iMac, PowerBook, and iBook computers, the CPU is a PowerPC G3 or G4 chip. Earlier models contained PowerPC 601, 603, 604, 604e and Motorola 680x0 chips.
Crash, Freeze - A system malfunction of the operating system, application, or hardware device that locks up the computer, which then has to be restarted. A freeze is a system error that causes the cursor to lock in place.
CRM - Communications Resource Manager.
CRT - cathode ray tube, a video display device.
Cursor - Also known as a pointer, usually arrow or cross shaped, which is controlled by the mouse, trackpad, trackball, stylus, or joystick.
Cut and Paste - To move something from one place in a document to another. It's the computer equivalent of using scissors to clip something and glue to paste the clipping somewhere else.
Cut List - A text file that sequentially lists the edits that make up your program. The negative cutter uses the cut list to conform the original camera negative. The cut list is a subset of the film list you can export from Final Cut Pro using Cinema Tools.
Cut - To remove text or pictures from a document by using the Cut command. The most recent clipping is stored on the Clipboard so you can paste it somewhere else if you want.
CVS - Concurrent Versions System, a programming code management system.
D
DAA - data access adapter a telephone line interface.
DAC - digital-to-analog converter.
Daisy Wheel Printer - A type of printer that produces professional-looking, letter-quality documents.
Daisy-Chaining - Stringing external devices together in a series. SCSI, USB, and FireWire technologies all allow such linking of devices in most cases.
Darwin - The core Mac OS X operating system, integrating Mach 3.0, operating-system services based on 4.4 BSD Berkeley Software Distribution, high-performance networking facilities, and support for multiple integrated file systems.
Data Base Application - A type of application that helps you keep track of lists of information. It makes it easy to recall, update, and cross-reference information.
Data Bits - The form in which the computer sends and receives information as a string of bits.
Data Compression - Data compression is the process by which data is reduced in size when it is sent from your computer to your modem, and then expanded to its original size by the receiving modem. Since the transmitted data has been compressed, it takes less time to send.
Data Disk - A disk that contains your work letters, budgets, pictures, and so on.
Data Rate - Amount of information per second.
Database Server - A data storage and retrieval system. Database servers typically run on a dedicated computer and are accessed by client applications over a network.
Database - An electronic list of records that can be sorted and/or searched.
Data - Information, especially raw or unprocessed information. Plural of datum. Information processed by a computer.
dB - Decibels.
DB9 Serial Port - Rack-mounted servers typically have a DB9 serial port, which gives system administrators a way to access a server remotely through a serial console session even if the network is down.
DCD - Stands for Data Carrier Detect. A handshake signal used to regulate the flow of data between the computer and a peripheral device.
DCE
Data Communication Equipment - Data Communication Equipment DCE is the modem connected to your computer. The DCE speed is the speed of data transfer between the modem and the telephone line. The DCE speed is also called the line speed.
DDR - Stands for Double Data Rate, and it's used to describe memory that transfers data twice per clock cycle, theoretically yielding twice the data transfer rate of standard SDRAM.
Default - A value or setting that a device or program automatically selects if you do not specify a substitute. For example, word processors have default margins and default page lengths that you can override or reset. You can select the default action by pressing Return or Enter. The default action in a Mac OS 9 dialog is usually represented by the button with a double outline. The default action in Mac OS X is represented by the button that is pulsing.
Defragmentation - Arranging fragments of data into contiguous blocks in RAM or storage memory also called optimizing.
Delete - A key that you can press in some applications to erase the character to the left of the cursor.
Desk Accessory - A mini-application that you can use without leaving your main application.
Device Control - Technology that allows Final Cut Pro to control an external hardware device, such as a video deck or camera.
Device - A device that is connected to the computer, like a printer or a modem.
DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol-A protocol used to distribute IP addresses to client computers. Each time a client computer starts up, the protocol looks for a DHCP server and then requests an IP address from the DHCP server it finds. The DHCP server checks for an available IP address and sends it to the client computer along with a lease period-the length of time the client computer may use the address.
Dial-In Service - A network service that enables users to access network resources, such as printers and file servers, from a remote location via a modem.
Digital Signal - A signal that is sent and received in discrete intervals. An analog signal-is a signal that varies continuously over time rather than being sent and received in discrete intervals.
DV (digital video) - A digital tape-recording format using approximately 5:1 compression to produce Betacam quality on a very small cassette.
Digitize - Converting linear analog data into digital data which can be used by a computer.
Digitizer - A peripheral device that takes a photo and converts the image into a form that the computer can process, save on a disk, display on the screen, or print.
DIMM - Dual Inline Memory Module.
Direct Delivery - A type of electronic mail system in which messages are sent directly from one computer to another.
Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum DSSS - A radio frequency-based transmission method defined by the IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN standard that uses a radio transmitter to spread data packets over a fixed range of the frequency band being used.
Direct to Java Client Assistant - A tool used to customize a Direct to Java Client application.
Direct to Java Client - A WebObjects development approach that can generate a Java Client application from a model.
Direct to Web Assistant - A tool that used to customize a Direct to Web application.
Direct to Web Template - A component used in Direct to Web applications that can generate a web page for a particular task for example, a list page for any entity.
Direct to Web - A WebObjects development approach that can generate a HTML-based Web applications from a model.
Direct-Connect Modem - A modem that you plug directly into a phone jack. The advantage of a direct-connect modem over an acoustic-coupler modem is that the phone signals don't have to travel through the handset, so there's less distortion. An acoustic-coupler modem-is a type of modem with a cradle that uses a standard telephone handset for transmission.
Directory Domain Hierarchy - A way of organizing local and shared directory domains. A hierarchy has an inverted tree structure, with a root domain at the top and local domains at the bottom.mdirectory node-See directory domain.
Directory Domain - A specialized database that stores authoritative information about users and network resources; the information is needed by system software and applications. The database is optimized to handle many requests for information and to find and retrieve information quickly. Also called a directory node or simply a directory.
Directory Services - Services that provide system software and applications with uniform access to directory domains and other sources of information about users and resources.
Directory - A list of all the files on a disk. Sometimes called a catalog. A subdirectory-is a directory within a directory that usually contains related documents; used to organize the information on large-capacity disks.
Disk Drive Controller Card - A circuit board that provides a connection between the Apple IIgs and one or two disk drives.
Disk Drive Light - A light that comes on when your disk drive is loading from or storing on a disk. Sometimes called an in-use light. When the light is off, it's safe to put disks in or take disks out. When the light is on, don't remove the disk inside.
Disk Drive - A device that loads information from a disk into the memory of the computer and saves information from the memory of the computer onto a disk.
Disk Image - A file that when opened using Disk Copy creates an icon on a Mac OS desktop that looks and acts like an actual disk or volume. Using NetBoot, client computers can start up over the network from a server-based disk image that contains system software.
Disk - A platter made of magnetic or optically etched material on which data can be written.
Display PostScript - The graphic device interface implemented in Mac OS X. It is the most common display system of UNIX systems, and has the advantage of being able to spool the screen display directly to a PostScript printer, unlike Windows systems and Mac OS systems earlier than Mac OS X, which have to translate the screen display through the use of printer drivers.
Display - A general term to describe what you see on your screen when you're using a computer.
Distributed File Sharing - A type of file service in which users can share the content of their hard disks with other users on the network. Centralized file service-is a file service that is provided by a central server accessed by network users.
DMA - Stands for Direct Memory Access, in which a computer's subsystems can directly access memory without going through the system's main processor. This translates to a performance advantage for a computer that uses direct memory access.
DNS Domain Name System - A distributed database that maps IP addresses to domain names. A DNS server, also known as a name server, keeps a list of names and the IP addresses associated with each name.
Dock - A row of icons at the bottom of your screen. The Dock gives you instant access to the things you use most. You use the Dock to organize documents, applications, websites, servers, folders, and more. The Dock combines and adds to the functionality of the Windows Start menu and Taskbar.
Document - Information you create with a computer program. It could be a memo, a picture, a budget. Also called a file.
DOS 3.2 - Stands for Disk Operating System. An early Apple II operating system; 3.2 is the version number.
DOS 3.3 System Master - A disk that used to be packed with 5.25-inch disk drives. It performed some of the functions now handled by the Apple IIgs System Disk. It has programs for initializing disks, for copying DOS 3.3-based applications and documents, and more.
DOS 3.3 - One of three operating systems used by the Apple IIgs; 3.3 is the version number.
Dot Matrix Printer - A type of printer that forms characters with patterns of dots.
Double-Click - To position the pointer where you want an action to take place, and then press and release the mouse button twice in quick succession without moving the mouse.
Double-High Resolution - A graphics mode that can display information using a rectangular array of 560 horizontal by 192 vertical dots for black and white and 140 horizontal by 192 vertical dots for 16 colors.
Down Arrow - A key that you can press in some applications to make the cursor move down one line.
Downconverted Video - Video created by converting high definition video such as 24P to standard definition video NTSC or PAL.
Download - Transferring data from one computer to another. Downloading is receiving; uploading is sending.
DPI - Dots per inch; the number of dots that can be placed horizontally and vertically. This is also known as printer resolution.
Drag-To position the pointer on something, press and hold the mouse button, move the mouse, and release the mouse button. When you release the mouse button, you either highlight a selection or move an object to a new location.
Drill-and-Practice Application - A type of educational application that presents information, tests your retention of the material, and gives feedback based on your answers.
Drive Number - An application might ask you to distinguish between disk drives by number. Drive 1 is the drive of its type connected closest to the computer or to the connector labeled Drive 1 on a disk drive controller card. Drive 2 is the drive of its type connected to drive 1 or to the connector labeled Drive 2 on a disk drive controller card.
Driver - A file that tells a computer how to communicate with a peripheral such as a CD-ROM drive or printer.
Drop Box - A shared folder with privileges that allow other users to write to, but not read, the folder's contents. Only the owner has full access. Drop boxes should only be created using AFP. When a folder is shared using AFP, the ownership of an item written to the folder is automatically transferred to the owner of the folder, thus giving the owner of a drop box full access to and control over items put into it.
Drop Frame Timecode - NTSC timecode that skips ahead in time by two frame numbers each minute, except for minutes ending in 0, so that the end timecode total agrees with the actual elapsed clock time. Timecode numbers are skipped, but actual video frames are not skipped. This skipping corrects for NTSC's actual frame rate of 29.97 fps. It corrects for an inaccuracy of 3 seconds and 18 frames per hour in comparison to actual elapsed time when non-drop frame timecode is used. To avoid confusion, drop frame timecode should be avoided in film-based productions.
Dropped Frames - Frames that are not captured. If computer performance is impeded or if the scratch disk is not fast enough, frames may be dropped during the capture process. When a frame is dropped during capture, the frame before it is repeated. Dropped frames can result in an incorrect cut list and interfere with the reverse telecine process.
DSL - Digital Subscriber Line.
DSR - Stands for Data Set Ready. A handshake signal used to regulate the flow of data between the computer and a peripheral device.
DSSS - Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum, a type of modulation used in wireless networks
DTE Data Terminal Equipment - Data Terminal Equipment DTE is the computer to which your modem is connected. The DTE speed is the speed of data transfer between your computer and your modem.
DTR Data Terminal Ready - A Data Terminal Ready DTR signal is sent by the computer to the modem to indicate that the computer the data terminal is ready to communicate with the modem. DTR can also be used for other purposes, such as signaling the modem to hang up the phone called hardware hangup.
Dual System Production - Any production using separate devices to record the image and the audio. Always used in film productions and often used in 24P productions. Also known as double system production.
Dupe List - A film list Cinema Tools users can export, which indicates duplicate uses of the same film source material in an edited program.
Duration - The total running length of a video clip or other media element.
DV Format - DV is a digital video format. Common formats such as 8mm, Hi8, VHS, and SVHS are analog formats. DV differs from analog formats because it stores all video and audio information as data in a digital form. Analog is an electronic signal that loses strength every time the video is copied from one medium to another. With the DV format, there is no loss of quality when video is copied between the DV device and computer. When video is captured to a computer, edited, then exported back to tape, the quality of the original footage is retained.
DVD - Digital Versatile Disc or Digital Video Disc
DVD-R and DVD-RW DVD-R is a single-writeable format (similar in nature to CD-R). DVD-RW is a rewriteable format (similar in nature to CD-RW). DVD-RW has a read-write capacity of 4.7 gigabytes per side. It can be rewritten up to about 1000 times. Both DVD-R and DVD-RW were developed and approved by the DVD Forum (http://www.dvdforum.org), of which Apple is a member. Once written, DVD-R and DVD-RW discs can be used in many different drives and players. Check with the manufacturer of, or consult the documentation which came with, your player to find out if it is compatible with DVD-R media.
DVD+RW - A rewriteable format of similar capacity to DVD-RW, but was developed separately by the DVD+RW Alliance (http://www.dvdrw.com/).
DVD-RAM - Digital Versatile Disc-Random Access Memory. A high storage capacity, writable version of DVD technology good for backing up hard disk data.
DVD-ROM - Short for digital versatile disc or digital video disc, a new type of CD-ROM that holds a minimum of 4.7GB gigabytes, enough for a full-length movie. Often shortened to DVD. The DVD specification supports discs with capacities of from 4.7GB to 17GB and access rates of 600KBps to 1.3 MBps. One of the best features of DVD drives is that they are backward-compatible with CD-ROMs. This means that DVD players can play earlierCD-ROMs as well as later DVD-ROMs. Newer DVD players can also read CD-R discs.
DVI - Digital Visual Interface. DVI is a technology developed by a consortium of companies that enables a system to store and display moving video images. A DVI connector is more advanced than a standard VGA connector. With DVI all content transferred over the interface remains in the loss-less digital domain from start to finish for high-quality digital images.
Dvorak Keyboard - A keyboard layout designed to increase typing speed and efficiency by locating the keys used most often in the home row. Also called the American Simplified Keyboard.
Dynamic Element - A dynamic version of an HTML element. WebObjects includes a list of dynamic elements with which you can build your component.
Dynamic IP Address - An IP address that is assigned for a limited period of time or until the client computer no longer needs the IP address.
Dynamic IP - With dynamic addressing, a device can have a different IP address every time it connects to the network. Dynamic addressing simplifies network administration because the software keeps track of IP addresses rather than requiring an administrator to manage the task. This means that a new computer can be added to a network without the hassle of manually assigning it a unique IP address. Many ISPs use dynamic IP addressing for dial-up users.
Dynamic Node ID Assignment - The AppleTalk addressing scheme that assigns node IDs dynamically, rather than associating a permanent address with each node. Dynamic node ID assignment facilitates adding and removing nodes from the network by preventing conflicts between old node IDs and new node IDs.
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